Proxy Advisors
Proxy Advisors: Institutional Investors subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG disclosure requirements.
Proxy Advisors
Proxy advisory firms — principally ISS (Institutional Shareholder Services) and Glass Lewis — provide institutional investors with research, analysis, and voting recommendations on matters submitted to shareholder vote.
Their influence on corporate governance is significant, as many institutional investors follow their recommendations in whole or in part. Proxy advisors assess board composition, executive remuneration, related party transactions, shareholder proposals, and increasingly ESG-related resolutions. Their voting policies and guidelines effectively set governance expectations for listed companies. Regulatory scrutiny of proxy advisors has increased, with the EU Shareholder Rights Directive II and SEC guidance establishing expectations for transparency, conflict management, and engagement with issuers.
Further Reading
Key Resources
Related Topics
Related Academic Researchvia OpenAlex
Loading research papers...
Topics in this section
Anti-Corruption & Bribery Laws
Anti-Corruption & Bribery Laws - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Audit & Assurance
Audit & Assurance — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Audit Committee Responsibilities
Audit Committee Responsibilities - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Basic Shareholder Rights
Basic Shareholder Rights: Shareholder Rights subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG...
Beneficial Ownership Transparency
Beneficial Ownership Transparency: Disclosure & Transparency subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD gui...
Board Committees
Board Committees — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Board Committees
Board Committees: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG dis...
Board Composition
Board Composition: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG di...
Board Composition & Independence
Board Composition & Independence — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partne...
Board Diversity
Board Diversity — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Board Diversity & Composition
Board Diversity & Composition - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Board Effectiveness
Board Effectiveness — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation...
Board Evaluation
Board Evaluation: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG dis...
Board Responsibilities
Board Responsibilities — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclosure....
Board Structure & Composition
Board Structure & Composition — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disc...
Business Continuity Planning
Business Continuity Planning — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners F...
Business Ethics & Compliance
Business Ethics & Compliance — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG discl...
Code of Conduct & Ethics
Code of Conduct & Ethics — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Found...
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of Interest: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ES...
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of Interest — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundati...
Corporate Governance Codes & Best Practices
Corporate Governance Codes & Best Practices - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Cross-Border Cooperation
Cross-Border Cooperation: Effective Governance Framework subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guideli...
Cybersecurity Governance
Cybersecurity Governance — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Found...
Cybersecurity Governance
Cybersecurity Governance - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Data Privacy & Protection
Data Privacy & Protection - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Director Remuneration
Director Remuneration — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundati...
Disclosure & Transparency
Disclosure & Transparency — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclosu...
ESG Rating Agencies in Governance
ESG Rating Agencies in Governance: Institutional Investors subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guide...
ESG Reporting & Transparency
ESG Reporting & Transparency — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners F...
Effective Governance Framework
Effective Governance Framework — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG dis...
Enforcement & Oversight
Enforcement & Oversight: Effective Governance Framework subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelin...
Equitable Treatment of Shareholders
Equitable Treatment of Shareholders: Shareholder Rights subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelin...
Executive Compensation
Executive Compensation — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclosure....
Executive Compensation
Executive Compensation — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundat...
Executive Remuneration
Executive Remuneration: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and E...
Fiduciary Duties
Fiduciary Duties: Institutional Investors subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG di...
Financial Reporting
Financial Reporting: Disclosure & Transparency subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and E...
Financial Reporting & Disclosure
Financial Reporting & Disclosure — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partne...
Gifts & Hospitality
Gifts & Hospitality — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation...
Governance (G) - Corporate Governance & Ethics
Governance (G) - Corporate Governance & Ethics — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rig...
Human Rights Governance
Human Rights Governance: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines,...
Institutional Investors & Governance
Institutional Investors & Governance — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and E...
Internal Controls
Internal Controls — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Legal & Regulatory Framework
Legal & Regulatory Framework: Effective Governance Framework subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD gui...
Market for Corporate Control
Market for Corporate Control: Shareholder Rights subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and...
Non-Financial Disclosure
Non-Financial Disclosure: Disclosure & Transparency subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, ...
Oversight & Monitoring
Oversight & Monitoring: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and E...
Political Contributions & Lobbying Disclosure
Political Contributions & Lobbying Disclosure - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Related Party Transactions
Related Party Transactions: Shareholder Rights subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and E...
Risk Disclosure
Risk Disclosure: Disclosure & Transparency subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG d...
Risk Management
Risk Management: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG...
Risk Management & Oversight
Risk Management & Oversight — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclo...
Risk Management Framework
Risk Management Framework — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foun...
Shareholder Rights
Shareholder Rights — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclosure. OEC...
Shareholder Rights
Shareholder Rights — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Stakeholder Role in Governance
Stakeholder Role in Governance: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guid...
Stock Exchanges & Governance
Stock Exchanges & Governance: Institutional Investors subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines...
Sustainability & Resilience
Sustainability & Resilience — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclo...
Sustainability Disclosure Governance
Sustainability Disclosure Governance: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OEC...
Tax Transparency
Tax Transparency — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Tax Transparency & Responsible Tax
Tax Transparency & Responsible Tax - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Transition Plans
Transition Plans: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ES...
Transparency & Reporting
Transparency & Reporting — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclosur...
Whistleblowing & Speak-Up Culture
Whistleblowing & Speak-Up Culture — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partn...