ESG评级机构在治理（Governance）中的作用
ESG评级机构在治理中的作用：机构投资者子主题，涵盖公司治理原则、经合组织（OECD）指南及ESG披露要求。
ESG评级机构在治理中的作用
ESG评级机构评估公司的环境、社会和治理表现，提供投资者用于筛选、整合和参与投资的评分与排名。
主要提供商包括MSCI ESG、Sustainalytics（晨星旗下）、标普全球、ISS ESG和CDP。治理因素通常占整体ESG评分的很大比重，涵盖董事会结构、高管薪酬、股东权利、商业道德和透明度。然而，ESG评级面临诸多批评，包括不同提供商间相关性低、方法论缺乏透明度以及潜在的利益冲突。欧盟及其他司法管辖区正在制定ESG评级机构的监管框架，以提高透明度和可靠性。
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反腐败与反贿赂法
ESG枢纽综合参考
Audit & Assurance
Audit & Assurance — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Audit Committee Responsibilities
Audit Committee Responsibilities - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Basic Shareholder Rights
Basic Shareholder Rights: Shareholder Rights subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG...
受益所有权透明度
受益所有权透明度：披露与透明度子议题，涵盖公司治理原则、经合组织（OECD）指南以及环境、社会与治理（ESG）披露要求。
Board Committees
Board Committees — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Board Committees
Board Committees: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG dis...
董事会构成
企业治理原则、经合组织指南和ESG披露要求的董事会职责子主题。
Board Composition & Independence
Board Composition & Independence — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partne...
Board Diversity
Board Diversity — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
董事会多元化与构成
董事会多元化与构成 - ESG中心综合参考
董事会效能
董事会效能 — 来自ESG中心（Ascent Partners Foundation开放获取百科全书）的全面ESG资源。
Board Evaluation
Board Evaluation: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG dis...
Board Responsibilities
Board Responsibilities — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclosure....
Board Structure & Composition
Board Structure & Composition — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disc...
业务连续性规划
业务连续性规划 (Business Continuity Planning) — 来自ESG中心的全面ESG资源，由Ascent Partners基金会提供的开放获取百科全书。
商业道德与合规
商业道德与合规 — 涵盖董事会结构、股东权利和ESG披露的公司治理分析。符合经合组织（OECD）框架。
Code of Conduct & Ethics
Code of Conduct & Ethics — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Found...
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of Interest: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ES...
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of Interest — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundati...
公司治理准则与最佳实践
公司治理准则与最佳实践 - ESG中心综合参考
跨境合作
跨境合作：有效治理框架子主题，涵盖公司治理原则、经合组织（OECD）指南以及ESG（环境、社会和治理）信息披露要求。
网络安全治理
网络安全治理 (Cybersecurity Governance) — 来自ESG中心的全面ESG资源，由Ascent Partners基金会提供的开放获取百科全书。
网络安全治理
网络安全治理 - ESG中心综合参考
数据隐私与保护
数据隐私与保护 - ESG中心综合参考
董事薪酬
董事薪酬（Director Remuneration）——来自ESG中心（ESG Hub）的全面ESG资源，由Ascent Partners基金会提供的开放获取百科全书。
披露与透明度
披露与透明度 — 涵盖董事会结构、股东权利和ESG披露的公司治理分析。符合经合组织（OECD）框架。
ESG Reporting & Transparency
ESG Reporting & Transparency — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners F...
Effective Governance Framework
Effective Governance Framework — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG dis...
Enforcement & Oversight
Enforcement & Oversight: Effective Governance Framework subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelin...
Equitable Treatment of Shareholders
Equitable Treatment of Shareholders: Shareholder Rights subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelin...
Executive Compensation
Executive Compensation — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclosure....
高管薪酬
高管薪酬 (Executive Compensation) — 来自ESG中心 (ESG Hub) 的全面ESG资源，由Ascent Partners基金会提供的开放获取百科全书。
Executive Remuneration
Executive Remuneration: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and E...
Fiduciary Duties
Fiduciary Duties: Institutional Investors subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ESG di...
Financial Reporting
Financial Reporting: Disclosure & Transparency subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and E...
财务报告与披露
ESG枢纽综合资源，由Ascent Partners Foundation创建的可免费访问的百科全书。
Gifts & Hospitality
Gifts & Hospitality — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation...
治理 (G) - 公司治理与道德
治理 (G) - 企业治理与道德规范 — 涵盖董事会结构、股东权利和ESG信息披露的企业治理分析。遵循经合组织（OECD）标准...
Human Rights Governance
Human Rights Governance: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines,...
Institutional Investors & Governance
Institutional Investors & Governance — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and E...
内部控制
内部控制 — 来自ESG中心的全面ESG资源，ESG中心是由Ascent Partners基金会运营的开放获取百科全书。
法律与监管框架
法律与监管框架：有效治理框架子主题，涵盖公司治理原则、经合组织（OECD）指南及ESG（环境、社会和治理）信息披露要求……
公司控制权市场
公司控制权市场：股东权利子主题，涵盖公司治理原则、经合组织（OECD）指南及环境、社会与治理（ESG）信息披露要求。
Non-Financial Disclosure
Non-Financial Disclosure: Disclosure & Transparency subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, ...
Oversight & Monitoring
Oversight & Monitoring: Board Responsibilities subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and E...
Political Contributions & Lobbying Disclosure
Political Contributions & Lobbying Disclosure - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
代理顾问 (Proxy Advisors)
代理顾问（Proxy Advisors）：机构投资者（Institutional Investors）子主题，涵盖公司治理原则（Corporate Governance Principles）、经合组织（OECD）指南以及ESG（环境、社会...
关联方交易
关联方交易：股东权利子主题，涵盖公司治理原则、经合组织（OECD）指南及环境、社会和治理（ESG）信息披露要求。
风险披露
企业治理原则、经合组织指南和ESG披露要求的披露与透明度子主题。
风险管理
风险管理：可持续性与韧性 (Sustainability & Resilience) 子主题，涵盖公司治理原则、经合组织 (OECD) 指南以及ESG（环境、社会和治理）披露要求。
Risk Management & Oversight
Risk Management & Oversight — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclo...
风险管理框架
风险管理框架 — 来自ESG中心的全面ESG资源，由Ascent Partners基金会提供的开放获取百科全书。
股东权利
股东权利 (Shareholder Rights) —— 涵盖董事会结构、股东权利及ESG信息披露的公司治理分析。采用经合组织 (OECD) 对齐框架。
Shareholder Rights
Shareholder Rights — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Stakeholder Role in Governance
Stakeholder Role in Governance: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guid...
证券交易所与公司治理
证券交易所与治理：机构投资者子主题，涵盖公司治理原则、经合组织（OECD）指南及ESG（环境、社会和治理）信息披露要求。
Sustainability & Resilience
Sustainability & Resilience — corporate governance analysis covering board structure, shareholder rights, and ESG disclo...
Sustainability Disclosure Governance
Sustainability Disclosure Governance: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OEC...
Tax Transparency
Tax Transparency — comprehensive ESG resource from ESG Hub, an open-access encyclopedia by Ascent Partners Foundation.
Tax Transparency & Responsible Tax
Tax Transparency & Responsible Tax - ESG Hub comprehensive reference
Transition Plans
Transition Plans: Sustainability & Resilience subtopic covering corporate governance principles, OECD guidelines, and ES...
透明度与报告
透明度与报告 — 涵盖董事会结构、股东权利和ESG信息披露的公司治理分析。符合经合组织（OECD）框架。
举报与直言文化
ESG枢纽综合资源，由Ascent Partners Foundation创建的可免费访问的百科全书。