联合国工商业与人权指导原则

联合国工商业与人权指导原则 — ESG报告标准概述,涵盖范围、要求与实施指南。开放获取的可持续...

部分: 标准主题: ESG, Guiding, Principles, Business, standards, Social & Governance Standards, ESG standards, sustainability reporting, disclosure frameworks, IFRS
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联合国工商业与人权指导原则

《联合国工商业与人权指导原则》(UNGPs)是预防和应对商业活动带来的负面人权风险的权威全球标准,于2011年获得联合国人权理事会一致通过。

该指导原则由联合国工商业与人权问题特别代表约翰·鲁吉教授制定,建立在三大支柱之上:国家保护人权的义务、企业尊重人权的责任,以及为工商业相关人权侵害的受害者提供补救渠道。该框架适用于所有国家和所有工商企业,无论其规模、行业、地点、所有权或结构如何。

三大支柱

支柱一:国家保护义务 规定国家必须通过有效的政策、立法、监管和司法,采取适当措施,防止、调查、惩处和补救在其领土和管辖范围内发生的、包括工商企业在内的第三方的人权侵害行为。

支柱二:企业尊重责任 要求工商企业尊重人权,这意味着企业应避免侵犯他人人权,并应处理与其相关的负面人权影响。这项责任独立于国家履行其自身人权义务的能力或意愿而存在,并且超越了对国家法律的遵守。

支柱三:获得补救 要求国家作为其保护义务的一部分,必须采取适当措施,确保当发生与工商业相关的人权侵害时,受影响者能够通过司法、行政、立法或其他适当途径获得有效补救。

人权尽责调查

UNGPs引入了人权尽责调查的概念,作为企业识别、预防、减轻和说明其如何处理负面人权影响的主要机制。HRDD应涵盖企业可能通过自身活动造成或促成的负面影响,以及可能通过其商业关系与其运营、产品或服务直接相关的负面影响。

HRDD流程包括四个持续步骤:评估实际和潜在的人权影响;整合评估结果并采取行动;跟踪应对措施;以及沟通影响处理情况。这一流程已被欧盟(《企业可持续发展尽责指令》CSDDD)、法国(《警戒义务法》)、德国(《供应链法》)及其他司法管辖区采纳为强制性尽责调查立法的基础。

对ESG框架的影响

UNGPs对ESG报告和监管产生了深远影响。GRI 411-414标准直接引用了UNGPs的概念。ESRS S1-S4标准围绕UNGPs的尽责调查期望构建。经合组织《跨国企业准则》的人权章节与UNGPs保持一致。许多ESG评级机构将公司对UNGPs期望的遵循情况作为其社会支柱评分的一部分进行评估。

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